In air, the speed of sound is related to air temperature T by. However, it is primarily and more directly related to molecular speed and thus temperature than it is to anything else. The relationship of the speed of sound vw, its frequency f, and its wavelength is given by vwf, which is the same relationship given for all waves. One might also note that the temperature is lower as one ascends primarily because the pressure is lower as one ascends and then conclude that the speed difference is equally attributable to lower pressure (or lower density for that matter). Since molecular speed in a gas is a direct function of average molecular kinetic energy and that is a direct function of temperature, the speed of sound in a gas will also be a function of temperature.Īt the cruise altitude of the Concorde the atmospheric temperature is below that of the standard atmospheric temperature at sea level, so the speed of sound is also lower. 1 Velocity of sound in pure water 1482.6999999998 meter/second m/s Velocity of sound in pure water to meter/second, meter/second to Velocity of sound in pure water 1 Velocity of sound in sea water (20☌, 10 meter deep) 1521. Therefore, the sound wave can not possibly move through the gas at a speed greater than that of the individual molecules themselves, and in fact must move at a lower speed than that due to the random nature of molecular movement. Using this formula, the approximate speed of sound at 20° Celsius (68° Fahrenheit) is: 344 meters per second (m/s) 1128 feet per second (f/s) 770 miles per hour (mph) 1235 kilometers hour (kph) Use the calculator below to compute the approximate speed of sound at other temperatures. That is the reason for the rule of thumb where when you see a flash of lightning, count the number of seconds until you hear the thunder clap, then divide by five. Substituting the values in the equation, we get. The time taken by the sound wave to travel a distance of 1.5 km can be calculated as follows: Time Distance Travelled/ Velocity. A sound wave moving through a gas requires a small scale bulk movement of gas molecules back and forth as pressure at any locations builds or falls. Speed of Sound in Various Materials The speed of sound in air is around 768 mi/hr (1,125 ft/sec, 343m/sec), or about 5 seconds per mile (3 seconds per kilometer). We know that the speed of sound is given by the formula: v.
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